What is Gestational Diabetes?

When you are pregnant you have to deal with a number of changes. Your body will change, your diet will change and your mood will change. Unfortunately, one of the other changes you may have to deal with is the development of gestational diabetes (also known as gestational diabetes mellitus or the shortened GDM).

You may be wondering what is GDM? Essentially, GDM is a type of diabetes that develops temporarily during pregnancy. It affects approximately one in twenty pregnant women. Although no one is certain what causes GDM, a popular suggestion is that the placenta releases insulin blocking hormones during the second and third trimesters to ensure that the growing baby gets enough glucose. As a result pregnant women's blood sugar levels rise and they have to produce additional insulin to break it down into energy. Those who cannot produce enough extra insulin develop GDM.

Your doctor should test you for GDM during your pregnancy. Usually, you will be tested between the twenty fourth and twenty eighth week via an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). This test involves consuming a glucose orally and then being tested at regular intervals to see how your body breaks it down.

The symptoms of GDM are often difficult to notice. However, if you are constantly hungry or thirsty, urinating more frequently or feel tired a lot of the time you could have GDM. Whilst GDM is not an immediate risk to your health, it can become one if not managed properly. Some of the health risks linked to poorly managed GDM include; premature labour, macrosomia (giving birth to a baby with a large birth weight) and an increased chance of developing type 2 diabetes in later life.

Your doctor can help you manage your GDM, usually by making some small lifestyle improvements. First, you will be advised to eat healthily. Try and eat a good mix of complex carbohydrates, proteins and unsaturated fats and also try to eat smaller meals more regularly. Secondly, you will be advised to do at least half an hour of exercise per day. If these changes do not help lower your blood sugar levels then your doctor may prescribe insulin to help you control your GDM.

As a pregnant woman being diagnosed with GDM is not going to be a pleasant experience. However, your doctor will be on hand to help you with your GDM every step of the way. Try to remember it is a temporary condition that in most cases lasts for no longer than twelve weeks and can be managed by making a few small changes to your daily routine. If you follow that mindset your GDM will be gone before you know it.

Whilst every intention has been made to make this article accurate and informative it is intended for general information only. Diabetes is a medical condition and this article is not intended as a substitute for the advice of your doctor or a qualified medical practitioner. If you have any concerns regarding GDM or diabetes you should seek the advice of your doctor immediately.